Psychosis is a deeply unsettling and often misunderstood condition that can emerge in those struggling with addiction. Characterized by a disconnect from reality, psychosis can manifest as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. For individuals grappling with addiction, the onset of psychosis not only complicates recovery but can also create significant emotional and physical risks. Understanding the causes, identifying the symptoms, and exploring treatment options are critical steps in supporting those affected by this condition.
This guide is designed to help addiction professionals, family members, and individuals experiencing addiction better understand psychosis. By the end, you’ll have a clearer picture of its causes, what it looks like, and how to seek effective treatment.
What is Psychosis?
Psychosis describes a mental state where an individual loses touch with reality. This condition often involves hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there) and delusions (false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary). Episodes of psychosis can range from mild to severe and may last weeks, months, or even longer if left untreated.
When combined with addiction, psychosis becomes even more dangerous, as the combination can exacerbate both conditions. Substance-induced psychosis is especially common and occurs when drugs, alcohol, or toxins trigger psychotic symptoms.
Causes of Psychosis in Addiction
Psychosis related to addiction can have several causes. Below are the most common contributors:
Substance-Induced Psychosis
Drugs like methamphetamine, cocaine, hallucinogens, and excessive alcohol or marijuana use can alter brain chemistry to the point of causing psychosis. For instance:
- Stimulants like methamphetamine overstimulate the brain, leading to paranoia, auditory hallucinations, and agitation.
- Hallucinogens such as LSD and PCP can distort reality so intensely that users experience severe psychotic episodes during or after use.
- Marijuana use in high doses, or in individuals predisposed to mental health issues, has been linked to psychosis, presenting as paranoia or disconnect from reality.
Withdrawal and Detoxification
The withdrawal process from some substances can also induce psychotic episodes. Alcohol withdrawal, for example, can lead to delirium tremens (DTs), a severe condition that includes confusion, hallucinations, and trembling. Similarly, withdrawal from benzodiazepines or opioids may create intense psychological disturbances, including psychosis.
Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders
Individuals with pre-existing mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe anxiety and depression are at a higher risk of developing psychosis during addiction. Drug and alcohol use can unmask or worsen the symptoms of these underlying conditions.
Genetic and Environmental Factors
Genetic predisposition to both addiction and mental illness plays a significant role. Additionally, prolonged stress, trauma, and exposure to negative environments can increase the likelihood of psychosis occurring as part of an addiction.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Psychosis in Addiction
Understanding the symptoms of psychosis is essential for early intervention. Symptoms can vary but often include:
Hallucinations
- Hearing voices that others cannot hear.
- Seeing objects or figures that aren’t present.
- Experiencing sensations that have no external source (e.g., feeling imaginary insects crawling on the skin).
Delusions
- Believing in false notions, such as being followed, targeted, or controlled by external forces.
- Developing grandiose beliefs, such as having supernatural abilities or extraordinary powers.
Disorganized Thinking
- Thoughts that are fragmented or incoherent.
- Difficulty concentrating or completing everyday tasks.
Erratic Behavior
- Engaging in unusual or dangerous actions driven by hallucinations or paranoia.
- Displaying severe agitation, confusion, or withdrawal from social interaction.
If you notice these symptoms in yourself or a loved one dealing with substance abuse, seeking professional help is imperative.
Treatment Options for Psychosis in Addiction
Recovery from psychosis and addiction relies on addressing both conditions concurrently. Here are the most effective treatment approaches:
Medical Detox
A medically supervised detoxification process ensures that withdrawal symptoms, including psychosis, are managed safely. Professionals can administer medication to stabilize the affected individual.
Psychiatric Support
Comprehensive mental health care, including therapy and possibly antipsychotic medications, is crucial for treating psychosis. Therapy can help individuals understand and manage their symptoms while building healthier coping mechanisms.
Rehabilitation Programs
Rehabilitation facilities specializing in dual-diagnosis treatment help address addiction while simultaneously treating mental health conditions. These programs often include:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to challenge and change destructive thoughts.
- Group therapy to foster peer support and reduce isolation.
- Education about the interplay between addiction and mental health.
Ongoing Aftercare
After recovery, ongoing care is essential to prevent relapse. This might include counseling, support groups, and lifestyle changes to manage triggers and stress.
Helping a Loved One with Psychosis in Addiction
Seeing a family member or friend struggle with addiction and psychosis is heartbreaking, but your support can make a significant difference. Educate yourself about their condition, approach conversations with empathy rather than judgment, and encourage them to seek professional help.
If you’re unsure how to take that first step, professional intervention specialists can guide you through the process and connect you with the right resources.
Take the First Step Towards Recovery
Understanding psychosis in addiction is the first step toward making empowered decisions about recovery. If you or someone you love is experiencing substance abuse and psychosis, help is closer than you think.
Reach out to Evolve Indy today to learn more about our dual-diagnosis treatment programs. Our compassionate and expert team will guide you through this difficult time and help set the foundation for long-term recovery.